Joint pain refers to discomfort, aches, and soreness in any of the body's joints. Common causes of joint pain include:
- Arthritis - This is inflammation of the joints from wear and tear or joint injuries. The two most common types that cause joint pain are:
- Osteoarthritis - This is a degenerative type of arthritis that occurs with aging and joint use over time. It leads to breakdown of cartilage and bones rubbing together.
- Rheumatoid arthritis - This is an autoimmune form of arthritis where the immune system attacks joint tissues.
- Injuries - Sprains, strains, fractures, and dislocations can all cause acute or chronic joint pain.
- Overuse - Repeated movements over time can irritate joints. This often occurs with certain sports and occupations.
- Infections - Viruses, bacteria, and fungi can all infect joints, like in septic arthritis.
- Connective tissue diseases - These include lupus, polymyalgia rheumatica, and spondyloarthropathies like ankylosing spondylitis.
The most commonly painful joints are the knees, hips, lower back, wrists, fingers, shoulders, and ankles. However, pain can occur in any joint.
Symptoms beyond pain include:
- Joint stiffness, especially in the mornings or after inactivity
- Redness, warmth, and swelling around a joint
- Decreased range of motion and flexibility
- Tenderness when pressing on the joint
- A crunching or cracking sound with joint movement
Diagnosis involves a medical history, physical exam, imaging tests like x-rays, and sometimes lab tests. Based on the suspected cause, other tests may check for autoantibodies or infectious organisms.
Treatments focus on relieving pain, improving function, and slowing disease progression:
- Medications - Anti-inflammatories, analgesics, DMARDs, biologics
- Supportive devices - Braces, splints, tape, shoe inserts
- Exercise and PT - To improve flexibility and strength
- Weight loss - To reduce pressure on joints
- Surgery - Joint replacement, repair, fusion, or realignment
Let me know if you have any other questions! Joint pain can really impact quality of life, so don't hesitate to see a doctor if persistent or worsening. Getting the right treatment can make a big difference.